Color blindness is a hereditary, less commonly acquired, feature of human vision and primates, expressed in a reduced ability or complete inability to see or distinguish all or some of the colors. Named in honor of John Dalton, who first described a type of color blindness based on his own feelings in 1794.

For those who are color blind, simple tasks such as choosing ripe fruits, choosing clothes, and distinguishing traffic signals can be difficult. Simple activities such as picking ripe fruits, choosing clothes and identifying traffic signals can be challenging for those who are color blind. Color blind problems, however, are usually minor and most people believe they can adapt.

The most common cause of blindness in color is an hereditary condition with one or more of the three sets of colored cones in the eye forming. Men are more likely to be blind in color than women, and on the X chromosome are the genes responsible for the most severe types of color blindness. Since women have two X chromosomes, the one mutation is typically compensated for by the other, whereas men have one X chromosome only. Color blindness can also be due to physical or chemical damage to the retina, optic nerve, or brain parts. The diagnosis is generally performed using the color test of Ishihara; but there are a range of other research methods, including genetic testing.

A diagnosis can require the teacher to adjust the way they teach so they can accept a decrease in their color recognition capacity. Special lenses in bright light can benefit those with red-green color blindness. Iphone applications also exist which can help people distinguish colors.

The most common type is red-green blindness, followed by blindness of the color blue-yellow and complete blindness of the eye. Up to 8 per cent of men and 0.5 per cent of Northern European descent women are suffering from red-green blindness. The ability to see color also decreases in old age. In certain countries, people do not have the right to a particular job because of color blindness, such as pilot work, train driver, crane operator, and work in the armed forces. However, the influence of color blindness on creative capacity is controversial. The ability to paint is possibly unchanged and it is known that many famous artists are blind in colour.

What types of color blindness are there?

The most common and at the same time simplest form of infringement is this: a person sees all the spectrum colors but the shades are confused. Often issues occur with cones which are responsible for the spectrum's red or green sections. Those that have a red component issue see the two better in the first card in the image and those who have the four in the purple. There is a much rarer breach in which shades of blue and yellow pose difficulties. By the way, people with such a violation will handle the task in the first card with ease. And there is another form of blindness in colour, the rarest and most unpleasant: complete blindness in color. There is a very interesting book by Oliver Sachs about an island on which many people lived with such a violation.

Is color blindness treated?

No, it is not treated. But there are ways to adjust color vision - for example, special glasses. The most famous company in this area is EnChroma. They began their development with special visors for surgeons to better distinguish blood from the flesh. Each type of violation has its own model. The principle of operation is approximately the following: lenses allow only primary colors to pass - red, green and blue - and enhance their perception. A person simply does not see the part of the spectrum that prevents him from distinguishing the primary colors.
 

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