Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye (conjunctiva) caused by an allergic reaction or infection (viral, rarely bacterial).
It happens with allergies, dirt in the eyes. Adenoviral (pharyngoconjunctival fever), enterovirus, herpetic, bacterial, chlamydial, allergic, acute and chronic conjunctivitis are distinguished. In adults, 85% of cases of conjunctivitis are caused by adenoviruses and only 15% are caused by bacteria; in children, bacterial and adenoviral conjunctivitis occurs with the same frequency.
Why does it appear?
There are many types of conjunctivitis, as well as the reasons for their appearance:
Infectious conjunctivitis makes up about a third of all varieties of conjunctivitis and is caused by bacteria or viruses.
Allergic conjunctivitis occurs in cases where the eye is exposed to any substance to which a person has an allergic reaction (allergen), causing the conjunctiva to inflammate the blood vessels. The most common causes for allergic conjunctivitis include: dust mites, pollen, and other secreted substances from trees, seeds, and plants, as well as animal fungi and epithelium (peeling of the skin). Certain considerations include the use of dry weather, or soft contact lenses.
Conjunctivitis caused by irritation is induced by eyelid edge inflammation (blepharitis), usually caused by the use of cosmetics or by contact with unpleasant substances found in the environment (solvents, paints, chlorine in pools, etc.).
How is conjunctivitis treated?
Viral conjunctivitis
There is no effective treatment for viral conjunctivitis.
Moisturizing drops are usually used to relieve discomfort (eye drops, ointments, saline flushing). Anti-inflammatory drugs can be used to improve the symptoms and broad-spectrum antibiotics in eye drops or an ophthalmic ointment to prevent bacterial infection, although this does not reduce the rapid spread of the disease or the duration of the symptoms.
It is highly contagious, so strict hygiene rules must be followed with regard to washing hands, face and all objects that may be in contact with the virus.
Bacterial conjunctivitis
- It is usually treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics in the form of eye drops or ointments.
- In addition, crusts and secretions should be removed by washing with saline.
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